The microbiological quality of air was investigated in three, differing in the type of horse keeping systems, horse riding centers located in the Lesser Poland voivodeship (Poland). Horse Riding Center Pegaz in Kraków (OJK Pegaz) is an example of a small stable, with seven closed and eight boxes opening to the outside. There are 13 horses in the facility, including Shetland pony, half-blood noble horse, and Wielkopolski horse, and the remaining two are horses owned by private people. The horses kept in the center are recreational horses, and apart from private horses, there is no rotation. The sampling sites were located in five points. Points no. 1 and 2 were located inside the closed stable, points no. 3 and 4—in the open box stalls—and the point no. 5 in front of the stable, outdoors (control point). The Horse Riding Club Szary in Michałowice (KJK Szary) is one of the largest and most modern stables in Poland; it has a total of c.a. 100 closed boxes. KJK Szary keeps recreational and sports horses of many breeds, including Shetland pony, half-blood noble horse, Wielkopolski horse, and Belgian hot-blooded horse, and the facility also runs a guesthouse for horses, hence the large rotation of animals. Sampling sites were located in 10 points. Points no. 1 to 9 were located inside the stable, whereas point no. 10 (control) was situated outdoors, in front of the stable. The sampling sites in OJK Pegaz and KJK Szary were evenly distributed so that the air in the stable could be analyzed in a representative way. In both stables (OJK Pegaz and KJK Szary), a gravity ventilation system was used. The Hutsul Pony Stud Farm in Nielepice (SKH Nielepice) is the only one that runs the non-stable animal husbandry. The horses stay in the open air all year round. The Hutsul horses are kept on pastures in two separate herds (10 mares, 18 rolls, and 2 stallions) and only use shelters in wooden sheds without doors. Sampling sites were located in four points relevant for the operation of the stud (1—roof for riders; 2—saddle room; 3—roof for horses; 4—paddock). The number of horses in all three riding centers remained the same during the study period.
Horses should be cared for by a sufficient number of persons, who possess the appropriate ability, knowledge and professional competence.
All horses, including those in paddocks and on pasture, should be inspected at least once a day. Ill or injured horses, mares in late pregnancy, newborn foals, newly introduced horses, stallions during the mating season and very old horses should be inspected more often. Any horse who appears ill or injured should be given appropriate care without delay. If the horse does not respond to such care, or if it is in severe pain, veterinary advise should be obtained without delay. Where necessary ill or injures horses should be isolated in suitable accommodation. An adult healthy horse in a resting mode has a rectal temperature between 37.5 and 38.5, a pulse between 28 and 48 beats/minute and a respiratory rate between 12 and 20 breaths/minute, both depending on training condition.
The product details:
1. Length | 3000mm, 3600mm, 3800mm, 4000mm |
2. Height | 1800mm, 2200mm, 2400mm |
3. Standing Post | OD115mm |
4. Frame and middle brack | SHS 50x50mm |
5. surface treatment | Hot-dipped galvanized/ (black, green, red etc) powder coatding |
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