Portable Galvanized Steel Pipe Horse Stable Fence Panel As Paddock

Portable galvanized steel pipe horse stable fence panel as paddock

Grasslands in the Plan area form a dynamic mosaic with the coastal scrub community, and with evergreen forests (GGNRA 2005). The grasslands in the Plan area are dominated by non-native annual grasses. Common species include the invasive perennial purple velvet grass (Holcus lanatus), wild oats (Avena fatua), annual Italian wild rye (Lolium multiflorum), rattlesnake grass (Briza major), and soft chess (Bromus hordeaceus) (NPS 2009). Native grasses that are occasionally encountered include purple needlegrass (Nasella pulchra), California fescue (Festuca californica), California oatgrass (Danthonia californica), California brome (Bromus carinatus), and blue wild rye (Elymus glaucus) (NPS 2009). Forbs such as English plantain (Plantago lanceolata), mustard (brassica spp.), and Italian thistle (Carduus pychnocephalus) thrive, miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor), and blue dicks (Dichelostemma pulchellum) are present as well (NPS 2009).

The Native Hardwood Forest community occurs in small patches in the vicinity of the Lower Redwood Creek, Golden Gate Dairy, Tennessee Valley, and Marincello sites (NPS 1994). At these sites the native hardwood forest is dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia ) and California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) (NPS 1994). The Douglas-fir community tends to occur along the mesic boundary of this mixed evergreen forest, with coastal scrub and grasslands along the xeric boundary (NPS 1994, GGNRA 2005).

Historical land use and development has either changed vegetation or permanently removed it in the Plan area. For example, building to accommodate military operations or Park visitors (trails, roads, parking lots, restrooms, visitor center, etc.) resulted in the permanent loss of vegetation at those sites. Native and nonnative vegetation was graded and removed to make way for these facilities. Deliberate planting of nonnative trees (Monterey pine [Pinus radiata], Monterey cypress [Cupressus macrocarpa], eucalyptus [Eucalyptus spp.], acacia [Acacia spp.], Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii], redwood and pine species) for shade and wind protection, ornamental shrubs, and other vegetation (turfgrass, European beachgrass and iceplant for example) to stabilize erosion or dunes has also resulted in the spread of these species and displacement of native plants. In addition to non-native invasive annual grasses described above, jubata grass (Cortaderia jubata), fennel (Foeinculum vulgare), iceplant, and French and Scotch broom (Genista monspessulana, Cytisus scoparius) all grow in disturbed areas, such as along roads and trails. This vegetation community is found near all sites.

Amongst the studies, it is accepted that the primary sources of bacteria contamination include human septic sources, stable operations, restroom facilities and frequent human use. In the mid 1990s, the NPS implemented an intensive water quality monitoring program in the lower Redwood Creek watershed, focusing on stable operation and management practices at the Golden Gate Dairy (Vore 1997). During the 1997–1998 monitoring, waters were tested for fecal coliform at Muir Woods, Pacific Way, Muir Beach, Golden Gate Dairy, and Green Gulch Creek. In these tests, median fecal coliform at the upstream sites of Muir Woods and Green Gulch were within state criteria, while downstream samples at Pacific Way, Golden Gate Dairy, and Big Lagoon exceeded laboratory detection limits and exceeded health standards, indicating fecal coliform contamination (Stillwater 2005).

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